Irrigation is the process of supplying plants with water at specified time intervals. It is not only plants that are irrigated. Sometimes it is necessary to irrigate bare lands to soften or achieve other goals. In general, irrigation is done for different reasons. These reasons vary from place to place. In golf course irrigation, the purpose is usually to maintain the landscape in good, usable condition.
Besides landscape maintenance, irrigation is also done to assist in the growth of agricultural crops and revegetation of disturbed soils. Revegetation of soils is commonly done during dry seasons when the land is very dry and hard. In crop production, watering is done for the purpose of protecting plants from frost, preventing soil consolidation, and suppressing weed growth in fields where grain is planted. Agriculture that is done without the need for irrigating is called dry land or rain-fed farming.
Systems used for irrigating land are also used in mining, dust suppression, and disposal of sewage. In most courses, irrigating is studied in combination with drainage. Drainage refers to the artificial or natural removal of sub-surface or surface water from a place. There is increased interest in these activities on a global scale, especially in places where adverse weather conditions make it impossible to grow crops under natural conditions.
Human beings started using human-made systems to water agricultural crops several decades ago. The origin of perennial irrigating is Mesopotamia, while Ancient Egypt invented basic irrigating. There is evidence of use of terrace irrigating in pre-Columbian America. According to historical evidence, the activity of irrigating in agriculture started over 5000 years ago. The methods used during that time were basic, but they have since evolved a lot both the number and complexity of irrigating systems have increased today.
Several different methods of irrigating plants are in existence today. These methods are categorized broadly into surface and sub-surface watering methods. In surface methods, water moves above the ground through level basins, floods, furrows, or artificial systems to be supplied to crops. The water applied infiltrates the ground when it is applied. Examples of surface methods include drip irrigating systems and sprinkler irrigating systems.
In localized irrigation systems, a network of pipes is used to release water at specific points on the land. Water distribution is done in pre-determined patterns at low pressure. Small amounts of water are emitted at the foot of the plant. Spray systems, bubbler irrigation systems, drip system systems, and micro-sprinkler systems are the main examples of localized irrigating systems.
Golf courses are commonly watered using sprinkler systems. Sprinkler systems incorporate overhead guns that are used to distribute water at high pressure. They are usually placed at central points within the course. The water that is distributed comes from the main water connection.
The guns may rotate as they dispense water around the landscape. Modern systems are so sophisticated that they can be timed to automatically water the lawn in the absence of a human operator. Such systems rise above the ground when it is time to water and return down when they have finished.
Besides landscape maintenance, irrigation is also done to assist in the growth of agricultural crops and revegetation of disturbed soils. Revegetation of soils is commonly done during dry seasons when the land is very dry and hard. In crop production, watering is done for the purpose of protecting plants from frost, preventing soil consolidation, and suppressing weed growth in fields where grain is planted. Agriculture that is done without the need for irrigating is called dry land or rain-fed farming.
Systems used for irrigating land are also used in mining, dust suppression, and disposal of sewage. In most courses, irrigating is studied in combination with drainage. Drainage refers to the artificial or natural removal of sub-surface or surface water from a place. There is increased interest in these activities on a global scale, especially in places where adverse weather conditions make it impossible to grow crops under natural conditions.
Human beings started using human-made systems to water agricultural crops several decades ago. The origin of perennial irrigating is Mesopotamia, while Ancient Egypt invented basic irrigating. There is evidence of use of terrace irrigating in pre-Columbian America. According to historical evidence, the activity of irrigating in agriculture started over 5000 years ago. The methods used during that time were basic, but they have since evolved a lot both the number and complexity of irrigating systems have increased today.
Several different methods of irrigating plants are in existence today. These methods are categorized broadly into surface and sub-surface watering methods. In surface methods, water moves above the ground through level basins, floods, furrows, or artificial systems to be supplied to crops. The water applied infiltrates the ground when it is applied. Examples of surface methods include drip irrigating systems and sprinkler irrigating systems.
In localized irrigation systems, a network of pipes is used to release water at specific points on the land. Water distribution is done in pre-determined patterns at low pressure. Small amounts of water are emitted at the foot of the plant. Spray systems, bubbler irrigation systems, drip system systems, and micro-sprinkler systems are the main examples of localized irrigating systems.
Golf courses are commonly watered using sprinkler systems. Sprinkler systems incorporate overhead guns that are used to distribute water at high pressure. They are usually placed at central points within the course. The water that is distributed comes from the main water connection.
The guns may rotate as they dispense water around the landscape. Modern systems are so sophisticated that they can be timed to automatically water the lawn in the absence of a human operator. Such systems rise above the ground when it is time to water and return down when they have finished.
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